Abstract
The nonlinear Schrödinger equation is used to analyze the superfluid flow around an ion and to elucidate the vortex nucleation process. Asymptotic expansion for the flow is used to find the critical velocity of the ion for vortex production. 3D numerical calculations demonstrate, that if the axisymmetry of the flow is broken by introducing a solid boundary several healing length from the sphere, vortex loops rather than vortex rings may be formed. These loops may detach from the ion and attach themselves to the wall. In the presence of small 3D random noise, the system still favors the creation of vortex rings.
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