Abstract
We determine the free energy of a vortex line within the Ginzburg-Landau formalism. Besides the usual translational modes we also take account of self-fluctuations of the order parameter in the calculation of the vortex free energy. The latter are due to the internal structure of a vortex line and lead to an observable downward renormalization of the lower critical-field line [ital H][sub [ital c]1]([ital T]) in strongly layered superconductors. In thin films the self-fluctuations of the vortex lead to a reduction in the power-law exponent of the current-voltage characteristic. We argue that in a three-dimensional system the spontaneous creation of vortex lines cannot occur.
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