Vortex flow of low concentration NH 4Cl–H 2O solution during the solidification process

Abstract

This paper reports an interesting new phenomenon that occurred during the solidification process of a low-concentration NH 4Cl–H 2O solution in a rectangular cavity. Vortex flow occurred in the liquid region of the test rectangular cavity during the later stage of the solidification process of the low-concentration NH 4Cl–H 2O solution. During the solidification process, the vortex flow made the original flow (downward along the vertical frozen surfaces in the liquid region of the test chamber) change and flow upward. The vortex flow was found by using advanced Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV).