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Abstract
Abstract Friedmann's equation and the potential vorticity equation are generalised for turbulent motion. The generalised equations incorporate some new phenomena connected with turbulent transport of mass. It is proved that, if ▿×[S×Ω+S(▿·S)]≠0 where Ω is the absolute vorticity of the velocity and S is the turbulent density flux, then the Helmholtz-Kelvin theorem concerning the conservation of the velocity circulation around a closed path is violated and the potential vorticity is not a Lagrangian adiabatic invariant. The effects of this turbulent transport of mass on the creation or dissipation of vorticity discussed here is not equivalent to effects of baroclinicity or viscosity. Some possible implications of the new circulation theorem in geophysical and astrophysical fluid dynamics are discussed.
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