Abstract
Depending on volume flux, flow visualizations in a water tunnel showed bubble-, spiral-type breakdown, and periodic transition between both. The initiation and development of bubble-type breakdown can be explained by a nonlinear feedback model. A growing asymmetry of the circumferential vorticity distribution leads to the transition to spiral-type. These conjectures are supported by experiments in which an artificially generated vortex ring induced initiation of bubble- and transition to spiral-type breakdown. To simulate vortex breakdown Navier-Stokes equations for three-dimensional, unsteady, and incompressible flows were solved. A comparison between experimental and numerical flow visualizations showed a good agreement.
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