Abstract
IntroductionDelivered systemically or natively circulating mesenchymal stem cells accumulate in injured tissues. During homing mesenchymal stem cells adhere to endothelial cells and infiltrate underlying tissue. Previously we have shown that adhesiveness of endothelial cells for mesenchymal stem cells correlates with the inhibition of mitochondrial function of endothelial cells and secretion of von Willebrand factor. We hypothesized that von Willebrand factor is an auto/paracrine regulator of endothelial cell adhesiveness and studied the effect of von Willebrand factor on adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells to endothelial cells.MethodsWe used Affymetrix DNA microarrays, human protein phospho-MAPK array, Western blot, cell-based ELISA and flow cytometry analysis to study the activation of endothelial cells by von Willebrand factor. Cell adhesion assay and protein kinase inhibitors were used to evaluate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in the regulation of endothelial cell adhesiveness for mesenchymal stem cell.ResultsTreatment of endothelial cells with von Willebrand factor stimulated the mesenchymal stem cell adhesion in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Mesenchymal stem cells did not adhere to immobilized von Willebrand factor and did not express receptors for von Willebrand factor suggesting that the stimulation of the mesenchymal stem cell adhesion is a result of endothelial cell activation with von Willebrand factor. Treatment of endothelial cells with von Willebrand factor activated ERK-1,2 and p38 MAPK without an effect on gene or cell surface expression of E-selectin, P-selectin, VCAM1 and ICAM1. Inhibition of p38 MAPK, but not ERK-1,2, in endothelial cells completely abrogated the stimulation of the mesenchymal stem cell adhesion by von Willebrand factor.ConclusionsVon Willebrand factor is an auto/paracrine regulator of endothelial cells. Activation of p38 MAPK in endothelial cells by von Willebrand factor is responsible for the regulation of endothelial cell adhesiveness for mesenchymal stem cells.
Highlights
Delivered systemically or natively circulating mesenchymal stem cells accumulate in injured tissues
The adhesion of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to distressed/apoptotic human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) correlated with the secretion of von Willebrand factor (vWF) by endothelial cells (ECs) suggesting that vWF may regulate the interaction of hMSCs with ECs [6]
P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulates adhesion of hMSCs to HUVECs activated with vWF In order to investigate the role of p38 MAPK and ERK1,2 in the regulation of EC adhesiveness for hMSCs we studied the effects of selective inhibitors of p38 MAPK (SB203580) and ERK-1,2 (PD98059 and U0126) on hMSC adhesion to HUVECs treated with 4 μg/ml vWF for four hours
Summary
Delivered systemically or natively circulating mesenchymal stem cells accumulate in injured tissues. We have shown that adhesiveness of endothelial cells for mesenchymal stem cells correlates with the inhibition of mitochondrial function of endothelial cells and secretion of von Willebrand factor. During the homing MSCs are likely to utilize multiple mechanisms for recognition of injured tissues One such mechanism may include adhesion of MSCs to distressed/apoptotic endothelial cells (ECs). Recent studies have shown that endothelial stress may play a significant role in the regulation of stem cell homing [5]. We have shown that adhesion of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to ECs in vitro is regulated by endothelial distress and apoptosis and correlates with the inhibition of mitochondrial function in ECs and the release of vWF [6]. In this study we demonstrate that vWF stimulates p38 MAPK that regulates EC adhesiveness for hMSCs
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