Abstract
One hundred years after Kraepelin’s description of manic-depressive insanity, the clinical approach to this illness had passed through many stages but was still characterized by a certain specificity toward other mood disturbances. We actually observed a significant enlargement of the bipolar territory depending on a limitation of unipolar depression boundaries. This progression of clinical concepts had induced many therapeutic strategies without formal authorities’ approval. In the mean time, algorithms and experts’ consensuses were developed in the USA and Europe. Despite obvious gaps in high-quality data, there is a high level of consensus on key steps in treating bipolar disorders. Within the limits, the proposed guidelines provide a clear help and can be used to inform clinicians on common treatment questions and educate patients who are suffering from a complex disorder.
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