Volunteer activity as a social and pedagogical phenomenon of the social formation of the personality

Abstract

The article considers volunteer activity as an effective means of socialization, a socio-pedagogical phenomenon, as a means of social formation of personality, student youth as a separate socio-demographic group of society, distinguished by a set of age and psychophysiological characteristics, the quality of professional activity depends on the level of health. The criteria of volunteering are singled out, allowing to separate volunteering from other types of voluntary activity: own initiative; socially useful nature of the work; the volunteering entity does not expect a financial reward; activities carried out in free time; activities that are not directly related to protecting one's own interests and solving one's problems; activity expressed in work; activity that does not involve inclusion in the hierarchical organizational structure of a certain institution. It has been proven that volunteering is carried out for the well-being of the community or society, that is, volunteering is a socially useful activity that does not aim to achieve other goals than the public good, in the most general sense - the increase of human capital, volunteering is not an activity for the benefit of the state, it does not have a political color , is based on universal human values. The main motives of volunteer activity and the basic principles of the volunteer movement are shown; the principles of volunteering are defined. Forms of altruistic behavior, or types of orientation of volunteer activity, are highlighted: moral (selfless concern for others to satisfy one's own spiritual needs); parental (irrational selfless-sacrificing attitude towards younger ones); sympathetic (empathetic attitude, help is aimed at achieving a specific result); demonstrative (demonstration of altruistic acts in order to comply with certain social norms); parochial (selfless acts are extended only to a limited circle of people: family, friends, a separate social group, however, a positive attitude towards individual "own" people in this case is associated with hatred of «strangers»).