Abstract
Multimode optical fibers (MMFs), combined with wavefront control methods, have achieved minimally invasive in vivo imaging of neurons in deep-brain regions with diffraction-limited spatial resolution. Here, we report a method for volumetric two-photon fluorescence imaging with a MMF-based system requiring a single transmission matrix measurement. Central to this method is the use of a laser source able to generate both continuous wave light and femtosecond pulses. The chromatic dispersion of pulses generated an axially elongated excitation focus, which we used to demonstrate volumetric imaging of neurons and their dendrites in live rat brain slices through a 60 µm core MMF.
Highlights
Multimode optical fibers (MMFs), combined with wavefront control methods, have achieved minimally invasive in vivo imaging of neurons in deep-brain regions with diffraction-limited spatial resolution
We report a method for volumetric two-photon fluorescence imaging with a multimode optical fibers (MMFs)-based system requiring a single transmission matrix measurement
Volumetric imaging approaches have been developed for micro-endoscopy with multicore optical fibers [4] and used to monitor calcium transients in deep-brain regions with gradient index (GRIN) lenses [5]
Summary
Multimode optical fibers (MMFs), combined with wavefront control methods, have achieved minimally invasive in vivo imaging of neurons in deep-brain regions with diffraction-limited spatial resolution. The chromatic dispersion of pulses generated an axially elongated excitation focus, which we used to demonstrate volumetric imaging of neurons and their dendrites in live rat brain slices through a 60 μm core MMF. Volumetric two-photon fluorescence imaging methods based on axially extended focus are well-suited to monitor neuronal dynamics occurring on the millisecond timescale [1,2,3].
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