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Abstract
A homemade gold electrode is modified with a carbon nanotubes/gold nanoparticles nanocomposite to perform selective and sensitive electrochemical detection of dengue toxin. This nanostructured composite offers a large specific surface and a reactive interface allowing the immobilization of biological material. Dengue antibodies are immobilized on gold nanoparticles via covalent bonding for dengue toxin detection. The porous tridimensional network of carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles enhances the electrochemical signal and the overall performance of the sensor. After optimization, the system exhibits a high sensitivity of − 0.44 ± 0.01 μA per decade with wide linear range between 1 × 10−12 and 1 × 10−6 g/mL at a working potential of 0.22 V vs Ag/AgCl. The extremely low detection limit (3 × 10−13 g/mL) ranks this immunosensor as one of the most efficient reported in the literature for the detection of recombinant viral dengue virus 2 NS1. This biosensor also offers good selectivity, characterized by a low response to various non-specific targets and assays in human serum. The outstanding performances and the reproducibility of the system place the biosensor developed among the best candidates for future medical applications and for early diagnosis of dengue fever.Graphical abstract
Highlights
It is well documented that the field of electrochemical biosensors has been growing in popularity in recent years [1,2,3]
This can be done by monitoring the intensity of the peak current of the probe, in particular by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), or by studying the impedance of the system by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) [16]
Electrode modified by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (Fig. 2a and b) and of the electrode after electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) (Fig. 2c and d)
Summary
It is well documented that the field of electrochemical biosensors has been growing in popularity in recent years [1,2,3]. This work took advantage of the recent improvements in terms of nanofabrication in order to achieve an efficient biosensor protocol that can be adapted to the detection of different biomolecules After optimization, this proposed immunosensor achieved outstanding performance in terms of reproducibility, sensitivity, and linear range compared to the literature. The supernatant is filtered through a cellulose filter (Sartorius, 0.45 μm, Ø = 2.5 cm) by vacuum filtration, the filtration rate was kept constant for each different filtered volume of MCNT solution The advantage of this technique over the conventional drop-casting technique is the high reproducibility of the film obtained, as well as the ability to control the thickness and the porosity of the MWCNTs layer. The interaction was performed by drop-casting 75 μL of the solution containing different concentrations of toxin on the electrode surface and incubating for 30 min following a previously optimized procedure. The detection can be carried out immediately and in a few minutes by DPV
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