Abstract
Unbalanced currents, low power factor and high losses contribute to increasing the bill infrastructure managers must pay to the TSO/DSO operator that supplies electric energy to the railway system. Additionally, if regenerative energy coming from braking regimes is not allowed to be injected into the grid or even is penalized when it occurs, then the optimization of those parameters must be pursued. One of the possible measures that can be taken to counteract those phenomena is the installation of electronic balancers in heavy loaded substations in order to optimize the interface to the three-phase electric grid. This paper shows the benefit of such use taking examples from real conditions and realistic simulations assumed equivalent to field measurements.
Highlights
In the European Union there is an important increase underway in railway traffic either in terms of passenger trains or in terms of freight trains
The voltage unbalance factor is defined as the ratio between the magnitude of the negative sequence component (V 2 ) and the positive sequence component (V 1 ) and is highly limited in quality of service regulations, grid codes and in relevant standards [29]: VUF (%) =
The analysis presented in this work depends on a dataset of measurements in each substations, where this data is an output of the Horizon 2020 IN2STEMPO project
Summary
In the European Union there is an important increase underway in railway traffic either in terms of passenger trains or in terms of freight trains. Thyristor-based or IGBT-based these compensators are active balancers since they do not behave as variable equivalent impedances in parallel with the point of common coupling but, instead, they act as variable current sources according to the operation point of the railway load. Conditioner (RPC) [16,17], are capable of interfacing with the grid in an optimized way, i.e., balanced three-phase load, near sinusoidal currents and almost unitary power factor These solutions require a special transformer like the RPC or the co-phase architectures, or dual-stage converters, as is the case of the SFC. The objective of this paper is the evaluation of the impact in the three-phase grid of installing an electronic balancer in the railway electrical infrastructure It is focused on analyzing the resulting current and voltage unbalance factors, the power factor and the power losses.
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