Abstract
The energy router (ER) is regarded as a key component of microgrids. It is a converter that interfaces the microgrid(s) with the utility grid. The energy router has a multiport structure and bidirectional energy flow control. The energy router concept can be implemented in nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB) to provide flexible energy management. We propose a concept where ER is working as a single grid-forming converter with a predefined voltage reference. The biggest challenge is to maintain regulated voltage and frequency inside the NZEB in the idle operation mode, where traditional regulators, e.g., proportional-resonant (PR), proportional-integral-derivative (PID), will not meet the control design requirements and could have unstable behavior. To gain the stability of the system, we propose model predictive control (MPC). The design of the MPC algorithm is explained. A simulation software for power electronics (PLECS) is used to simulate the proposed algorithm. Finally, the simulation results are verified on an experimental prototype.
Highlights
The steadily increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the utility grid is a current trend in electrical energy technology
Our goal was to design an energy router (ER) for the nearly zero energy buildings (NZEB) that would be applicable in conventional buildings with minimal cost and modifications
We proposed a solution where ER is working as a single grid-forming converter with a predefined voltage reference [12,13]
Summary
The steadily increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the utility grid is a current trend in electrical energy technology. The NZEB consists of energy sources, loads and storages It possesses independent controls and can operate either in grid connected or islanded mode. The goal of our paper is to focus in detail on the control and stability issues of the building side inverter Inv in the voltage source operation mode and the idle operation mode in particular. This mode is a very important and expected to be utilized often. The simulation results are verified on an experimental prototype
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