Abstract
Modern utilities are forced to operate very close to their loadable limits (maximum capacity) due to geographical, economical and some technical reasons. The deregulation of the power industry, the competitive nature of modern electricity markets and the continuous quest for modernization of cities and hamlets all over the world has also led to fast increase in the load demand. The stability of power systems all over the world are threatened with recurrent occurrences of voltage stability issues. Hence, Inter-zonal energy transactions between willing supplier and buyers need to be done with adequate consideration for power system security. In this work, a voltage security-constrained optimal generator active and reactive power rescheduling is carried out using the IEEE 30 and IEEE 57 bus systems. The simultaneous maximization of available transfer capacity (ATC) and voltage stability margin (VSM), using the weighted sum approach, is the objective function. Credible optimal power flow and power system security constraints are considered. Three variants of particle swarm optimization in MATLAB® are used in this work for analyzing the results for objectivity. The technical and economic benefits of the optimal generator rescheduling on the system’s ATC, VSM, line losses, line flow and voltage profile are adequately analyzed.
Highlights
Credible actions that are directed towards promoting techno-political restructuring have been taken by electric utilities all over the world
Several inter-zone bilateral transactions are initiated and the corresponding Available Transfer Capacity (ATC), critical boundary index (CBI) and the respective limiting transmission lines are calculated at the base case
The ATC alongside the CBI are set as the objective function to be maximized using the weighted sum approach as earlier described
Summary
Credible actions that are directed towards promoting techno-political restructuring have been taken by electric utilities all over the world. The ATC is the measure of the yet to be utilized transfer capability of the transmission network which places a limit on the possible amount of additional generation and load increase It is always calculated as the estimate of the available transmission capacity that will keep the power system within the safe techno-economic operation zones at the nearest future; with adequate consideration for current commercial uses/commitments of the grid facility [20]. The change in injected power at buses p and q becomes +∆PBTr and -∆PBTr , respectively This new power mismatch is taken into consideration in Equation (1), for calculating the new system’s operating states from which the change in the power flow in each transmission lines, ∆Pik can be calculated.
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