Abstract
Nowadays power systems are huge networks that consist of electrical energy sources, static and lumped load components, connected over long distances by A.C. transmission lines. Voltage improvement is an important aspect of the power system. If the issue is not dealt with properly, may lead to voltage collapse. In this paper, HVDC links/bipolar connections were inserted in a power system in order to improve the voltage profile. The load flow was simulated by Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP.16) program in which Newton- Raphson method is used. The load flow simulation studies show a significant enhancement of the power system performance after applying HVDC links on Kurdistan power systems. The bus voltages are significantly increased after connecting High Voltage Direct Current.
Highlights
Nowadays power systems are a huge networks that consist of electrical energy sources, static and lumped load components, connected over long distances by A.C. transmission lines(Kubba and Esmieel, 2018)
After many attempts, we discovered that the best locations for HVDC link to overcome the under voltage are as follows: Case 1: High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) link between bus 2 and bus Case 2: High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) link between bus 8 and bus Case 3: both HVDC link Load Flow Analysis of the three cases carried out using Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) program in which Newton- Raphson method is used
The feasibility of HVDC on voltage profile enhancement in Kurdistan network has been studied in this paper through simulations with ETAP.16 program in which Newton Raphson method has been used
Summary
Nowadays power systems are a huge networks that consist of electrical energy sources, static and lumped load components, connected over long distances by A.C. transmission lines(Kubba and Esmieel, 2018). During dynamic situations, HVDC links can be used to support the power system’s transient stability. In spite of their cost, HVDC circuits can be more attractive than HVAC circuits for many reasons such as that they have a higher capacity for transfer power, and they don’t force the maximum angular difference constraints on the model, it is mean that the Kirchhoff’s second law doesn’t apply to the HVDC circuits loops (Liu et al, 2010).The crosschannel link was put into operation in-between England and France in 1961. Sea-return wasn’t used due to its impact on the navigation of ships using compasses It is connected between two asynchronous systems which have the same nominal frequency (60Hz)(Ahmed et al, 2022). In 1965, the Sakuma Frequency Changer was put into operation, which interconnects two asynchronous systems (50Hz, and 60Hz) in Japan It is the first zero length D.C. link and is confined to a single station. The load flow was simulated by Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP.16) program in which Newton- Raphson method is used
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