Abstract
Supercapacitors (SCs) are a type of energy storage device with high power density and long lifecycles. They have widespread applications, such as powering electric vehicles and micro scale devices. Working stability is one of the most important properties of SCs, and it is of significant importance to investigate the operational characteristics of SCs working under extreme conditions, particularly during high-g acceleration. In this paper, the failure mechanism of SCs upon high-g impact is thoroughly studied. Through an analysis of the intrinsic reaction mechanism during the high-g impact, a multi-faceted physics model is established. Additionally, a multi-field coupled kinetics simulation of the SC failure during a high-g impact is presented. Experimental tests are conducted that confirm the validity of the proposed model. The key factors of failure, such as discharge currents and discharging levels, are analyzed and discussed. Finally, a possible design is proposed to avoid the failure of SCs upon high-g impact.
Highlights
With the increasing concern for the worldwide energy crisis and environmental pollution due to the depletion and burning of fossil fuels, there is an urgent demand for efficient, clean and sustainable energy sources
The previous reports for supercapacitor failure under high-g impact are only based on experimental tests
We focus on the electrical-chemical mechanism of the supercapacitor voltage fluctuation during a high-g impact process
Summary
High-g Impact received: September 2016 accepted: November 2016 Published: 13 December 2016. A dynamic modeling simulation is the most accurate and effective way to study the mechanism and characteristics of the charging and discharging processes[10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17], and it establishes a multi-faceted physics model composed of an electric field and an ion concentration field for the electrodes and the membrane, respectively. After replacing equations (6) and (8) with equations (24) and (25), a new model can be constructed with the electric field, ion concentration field, fluid field, and acceleration field It can be concluded that acceleration can directly influence the fluid field of the electrolyte and further change the ion concentration field and electric field of the supercapacitor, revealing the microscopic dynamic mechanism of the voltage fluctuations during high-g impact.
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