Abstract
Large-scale wind farms are generally far away from load centers, hence there is an urgent need for a large-capacity power transmission scheme for extremely long distances, such as half-wavelength transmission lines (HWTLs), which can usually span thousands of kilometers from large-scale wind farms to load centers. An accurate fault location method for HWTLs is needed to ensure safe and reliable operation. This paper presents the design of a modal voltage distribution–based asynchronous double-end fault location (MVD-ADFL) scheme, in which the phase voltages and currents are transformed to modal components through a Karenbauer transformation matrix. Then, the modal voltage distributions along transmission lines are calculated by voltage and current from double ends. Moreover, the minimums and intersection points of calculated modal voltages from double ends are defined as the fault location estimation. In order to identify incorrect fault location results and reduce calculation errors for the correct ones, air modal and earth modal voltage distributions are applied in the fault location estimations. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach under different fault resistances, distances, and types. Lastly, a real-time digital simulator (RTDS)–based hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test is undertaken to validate the feasibility of implementing the proposed approach.
Highlights
Due to unprecedented worldwide population expansion and rapid economic growth in the past decade, an ever-increasing demand for electrical power is inevitable
The high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system is believed to be a plausible method for bulk power transmission over long distances [11], but the extremely high cost of ultra-high voltage power electronic devices is the main obstacle to wide application of HVDC
This paper proposes a modal voltage distribution–based asynchronous double-end fault location (MVD-ADFL) method that does not require synchronous voltages and currents
Summary
Due to unprecedented worldwide population expansion and rapid economic growth in the past decade, an ever-increasing demand for electrical power is inevitable. For the purpose of quickly locating the fault point, several fault location algorithms have been proposed and developed over the past decades, which can be generally classified into the following three groups: (a) fundamental frequency–based method [24], (b) transmission line differential equations [25], and (c) travelling wave method [26] They are suitable for different fault types and causes. The fault location accuracy of the latter is insensitive to transmission line distance, it requires accurate synchronous voltages and currents of double ends, which are hard to obtain in HWTL To handle this challenge, this paper proposes a modal voltage distribution–based asynchronous double-end fault location (MVD-ADFL) method that does not require synchronous voltages and currents. Some conclusions and possible future studies are summarized in Energies 2018, Section
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