Abstract
The bosonization technique to describe correlated electrons in a one-dimensional (1D) quantum wire containing impurities is extended to include an applied voltage source. We consider a channel connected to ideal reservoirs by adiabatic widening. The external reservoirs are shown to lead to a boundary condition for the boson phase fields. A natural consequence of our formalism is the existence of a fluctuating four-terminal voltage. We use the boundary condition approach to derive the perfect channel conductancee 2/h for a clean but interacting 1D wire, to compute the capacitance of a barrier, and to comment on electroneutrality in a Luttinge liquid.
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