Abstract
A comparative description of the geological conditions of the formation of the Neogene coal deposits of the Pannonian Basin (Hungary) and the Transcarpathian Depression (Ukraine) is given on the example of the Visonta and Ilnytsia coal deposits. The aim of the study was to determine the role of volcanism in the formation of the petrographic composition, qualitative indicators and geochemical characteristics of the coal of the Ilnytsia deposit. For the first time, a comparative analysis of the conditions of formation and occurrence of coal seams, qualitative composition and geochemical characteristics of coal deposits located in the Pannonian Basin and the Transcarpathian Depression was carried out with regard to the role of volcanism in the formation of their material and petrographic composition. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the substantiation of the connection between the facts of the increased content of sodium oxide and the specific nature of the geochemical composition of rare elements in the Ilnytsa brown coal with the volcanic processes that occurred simultaneously with the peat accumulation. The study of the geological conditions of formation and the material and petrographic composition of coal of the same age from two deposits showed that with practically the same degree of coalification and similar facies conditions of formation, there is a noticeable difference in the conditions of occurrence and characteristics of coal. The Ilnytsia deposit is characterized by the alternation of coal seams and coal beds with tuffaceous material. The peculiarity of the Ilnytsia coal is the lower content of components of the huminite group and better preservation of their structure, the presence of mineral impurities of tuffogenic material and opals in the composition, higher ash content with less watering of the peatland, increased content of sodium oxide, different nature of geochemical composition of rare and scattered elements. This indicates that one of the factors of differences between the studied coals is volcanism, which manifested itself in the Ilnytsia deposit synchronously with peat accumulation.
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