Abstract
Epithermal mineralization is an important metallogenic criterion for volcanogenic belts of varying ages. We show that epithermal high-sulfidation deposits are shallow formations in volcanogenic belts, with low-sulfidation deposits being formed at the subvolcanic level and the intermediate between the two types being the deepest deposits. Regenerated deposits make up their own group. Deposits of each type have been characterized. Typical epithermal deposits had been formed before a granitoid plutonic source came into being. The abundance of quartz–chalcedony amygdules in basaltoids that are found in several ore areas can be explained by their temporal connections to hydrothermal systems that stopped functioning during and after the emplacement of basaltic magmas. It is hypothesized that the concentration of post-mineralization basaltoid dikes within ore fields of epithermal deposits was due to the activity of a “microplume,” which was the cause of late (rhyolite and granitoid) magmatism, hydrothermal activity, and epithermal mineralization.
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