Abstract
The present work examines an innovative manufacturing technique for fired clay bricks, using tuff as a secondary raw material. Samples were made of clay and tuff (0–30 wt.%) fired at 900 to 1100 °C. The chemical and mineralogical compositions and physical and thermal analyses of raw materials were investigated by using SEM-EDS, RX and DTA-TG curves. The samples were analysed from the mineralogical, technological and mechanical points of view. The result show that the tuff’s presence in the clay mixtures considerably reduced the shrinkage of the product during the firing process, and the manufactured samples were of excellent quality. The compressive strength of the bricks varied from 5–35.3MPa, being influenced by the tuff content, clay matrix properties and firing temperatures. Finally, the heat demand for increasing the temperature from room to the firing temperature of the sample with 10% tuff content was 22%.
Highlights
The total CO2 emissions generated during the production phase is influenced both by the fuel consumption used in all stages and decomposition of minerals during the firing process
The tuffs were obtained from a local source (Transylvanian basin Romania), dried and milled
Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the raw materials was performed by using Scanning electrondue microscopy analysisdistances of the raw materials was performed byelectrons using topographic contrast, to the different travelled and the number of topographic contrast, due to the different distances travelled and the number of electrons emitted from the surface of the sample
Summary
The manufacturing of building materials and products is responsible for about 11% of CO2 emission at the global level [1], impacting global warming and constantly contributing to climate change. The manufacturing process of such products is energy intensive, requiring raw materials preparation and the extrusion, drying and firing of green bricks at temperatures up to 950 ◦ C, which are required for mineral phases’ transformation to occur. The total CO2 emissions generated during the production phase is influenced both by the fuel consumption used in all stages (the transport of raw materials from the quarry to the fabrication site, drying, firing etc.) and decomposition of minerals during the firing process. Even though the energy used for brick production has been reduced since 1990 [2], the role of industry in transitioning to climate neutrality [3] may be significant
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