Volcanic oral traditions in hazard assessment and mitigation

Abstract

In preliterate societies, momentous natural events such as volcanic catastrophes are often incorporated into cultural histories as stories that are repeated over generations, thereby forming ‘oral traditions’ (Vansina 1985). Worldwide, many such accounts have been proven by geological study to be more than just simple legends or myths (eg, Blong 1982). To date, these stories have been largely neglected in modern volcanic hazard mitigation, that is, in helping local communities make themselves more resistant to volcanic hazards posed by their environment (exceptions include Cronin, Ferland et al 2004; Cronin, Gaylord et al 2004). Here we address a number of questions about the integration of oral traditions into modern hazard analysis. How accurately do oral traditions record volcanic events? How can oral traditions be used to further the understanding of local hazards? Could they help develop hazard prevention, response, and recovery plans? How can these records be used to supply a physical (natural hazard) context for archaeological research on cultural histories, particularly to explain sudden migrations or changes in agricultural practices?