Volcanic Geosites and Their Geoheritage Values Preserved in Monogenetic Neogene Volcanic Field, Bahariya Depression, Western Desert, Egypt: Implication for Climatic Change-Controlling Volcanic Eruption

Abstract

Bahariya monogenetic volcanic field is characterized by important geomorphological features (geomorphosites), namely, sub-circular maar-tuff ring, scoria cones, and domal-shaped tumuli. These geomorphosites constitute an asset for geoeducation, geotourism and miscellaneous social activities. They offer important knowledge into the paleoenvironmental and climatic factors that affected the style of volcanism at the occasion, and eventually shaped the diverse landforms found in the volcanic field. Bahariya Oasis is exclusive for its excellent locations where many volcanic heritages of high value give evidence of phreatomagmatic and effusive-controlled phases which formed volcanic landscapes under humid to dry climate. The geoheritage and archeological sites of early settlements are abundant in the Bahariya Oasis, accentuating the scientific magnitude of this region. There have been seven geosites recognized such as (1) the scoria cone, (2) the lava flows and their surface morphological features, (3) the pseudopillow fractures, (4) columnar joints, (5) peperites, (6) tumuli, and (7) rootless cones. These geosites coupled with other unique sites define the Oasis as global geopark. The latter will consider as an excellent logistical network to endorse volcanic geosciences and raise the economic growth in this part of Bahariya Oasis. The diverse geological characteristics at the Bahariya make this area a high volcanic geodiversity that can be used for geoeducational programs and geotourism. Excursions and research programs carried out by universities will contribute to enhanced geoconservation for local sustainable development. Currently, in the Bahariya region, tourism is not well developed, but it is recommended that, roads be improved to give better accessibility to the geomorphosites, and interpretative panels, informative brochures, multi-media presentations, seminars and workshops, scientific lectures, and postcards be produced to inform tourists about the geology of the region.