Abstract
In this study, we present a method for extracting the volcanic cloud top height (VCTH) as a plume elevation model (PEM) from orthorectified Landsat 8 data (Level 1). A similar methodology was previously applied to raw Landsat-8 data (Level 0). But level 0 data are not the standard product provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/United States Geological Survey (USGS). Level 0 data are available only on demand and consist on 14 data stripes multiplied by the number of multispectral bands. The standard product for Landsat 8 is the ortho image, available free of charge for end-users. Therefore, there is the need to adapt our previous methodology to Level 1 Landsat data. The advantages of using the standard Landsat products instead of raw data mainly include the fast -ready to use- availability of the data and free access to registered users, which is of major importance during volcanic crises. In this study, we adapt the PEM methodology to the standard Landsat-8 products, with the aim of simplifying the procedure for routine monitoring, offering an opportunity to produce PEM maps. In this study, we present the method. Our approach is applied to the 26 October 2013 Mt. Etna episodes comparing results independent VCTH measures from the spinning enhanced visible and infrared imager (SEVIRI) and the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS).
Highlights
In volcanology, the volcanic cloud-top height (VCTH) is one of the most critical parameters to retrieve
The use of the parallax was introduced by Prata and Turner [15] using the dual view of the along track scanning radiometer (ATSR) and developed further by Mims et al [16], Nelson et al [17], and Flower and Kahn [18] using dedicated multiangle imager spectro radiometer (MISR) measurements
Landsat 8 satellites offer a unique opportunity for monitoring volcanic plumes at a high spatial resolution together with the opportunity to study volcanic eruptions back in time by exploiting the data archives
Summary
The volcanic cloud-top height (VCTH) is one of the most critical parameters to retrieve. The main idea expressed in [21] is that the physical distance between the panchromatic sensor (PAN) and the multi-spectral sensors (MS), both on Landsat-like satellites, yields a baseline and a time lag between the PAN and MS image acquisitions during a single passage of the satellite This information can be used to extract a spatially detailed map of VCTH from virtually any multi spectral push broom system, called a plume elevation model (PEM). The pixel offset between PAN and MS in the EP direction is proportional to the height of is a physical separation between them This separation yields a baseline and a time lag between the PAN and MS image acquisitions. ReFsiuglutsrean4dschrowsss-ctohme pVaCriTsoHnsmap obtained from the PEM procedure applied to the Landsat woaIiccdro(aaictfntneoaryayprplrioils.dftldcatctpospclfhuhmhllleee.awelilleolloppritio.THl)tFTt)ere)elrdssh«eeweoihhddeon,weiginnecftcceufefratsutddfttrtiedh«risdpeotoiorefiueeeefhiitreiocssfigstnnhesofeoeefsorttsftdhetetntidtsi-o4hetimhmrhcetottmmrsaVdeeiioereedssompsanaaaCmrhhe-rensvnaottttcsaaeaioTesteatasspossgssasstadd.wa,lsHieemeahsuuu.tteTitsndiernseerreVnTVospiothlseerlstshlsbnhoflCaeCtrtmimoiovehtthoyserrttnThveTrhas,eiedeeescsusovaHHliensnauouonstclsoV»aerttceEncnitoeslenrlsanhrhCnirictss)sen)nesonann.gaaa.siTost»gstdniaosnsoiAhhAicHgtrnosurtrieaa2sebebcctsatcnt.t6ttretole.behthhimthoNccnlhnesteOhieieolNyuohatcneenogaoearcsdsraycrupotoiottoaasencceniiottdhumfoaunnooohebbo«temgtfngtmmtaheheihtbirthhvaathhgnrhaaeetehappesraaheltia2vsvyae«aaclgiitrt0irtenasnearrLdhehv(evr1veetlnelSgaLetaishe3aitaddeddtEdnhsiutarlevrnoeicuiaydVeanalotdtatrrnfttclhthlusundorsIreiftairaoRoresroeyoaspvsot»ote(nmisfalnIe.tsi(oV.gmfV-)i.tivtsnrScon.I.iihiaC-eoCeasonotisntScanenu..hl»mnmTT,o,inibnadca.nedcouHmoHodoeoopllIcuaapsuounttdfPveatptebruohretieitppraEdaaotothxldeix6rlhriooMadsrunioteetef.iVdoessrurrdotssnsssccaanap(urCoVui,ii6aplcMcttbbonltdliThmittCtrthtoolluuoeesoiOHseeehTenfnddppdcrf9aaDeH,sseeace..ecrrriib5tbrdrdiIvnaneeeoigeoySeysiukmoccnfnsv)iii9mfeelrnsnstun.uveopse.-o5sasaracesnlataevettiocitcshaionhkbnnenqegqmupewtlmogegsstunulspovpuisies.wiitsdltdraessaseedaihasieiimeirinbtmttfsftidadahtiifshfoseiooeecesoeemonvrqnnarttrnoaseesoiesueosmeornttn,wvriditiaaartrtmtdwhmeahseceil,veetpl.pqereeeeihdwra/vdrursss/paoloLLessaeeiit(r(crclcdcataaarreepeiaae(ennaeofadflldlrepdptddreene.eiurusoevaeoss.f.aarmtareaatalenIoe.asesrtttttl)
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