Abstract
The practice of monitoring active volcanoes, includes several techniques using either direct or remote measurements, the latter being more important for volcanoes with limited accessibility. We present the Volcanic Anomalies Monitoring System (VOLCANOMS), a new, online, low-cost and semiautomatic system based on Landsat imagery. This system can detect permanent and/or temporal thermal anomalies in near-infrared (NIR), short-wave infrared (SWIR), and thermal infrared (TIR) bands. VOLCANOMS allows researchers to calculate several thermal parameters, such as thermal radiance, effective temperature, anomaly area, radiative, gas, convective, and total heat, and mass fluxes. We study the eruptive activity of five volcanoes including Krakatau, Stromboli, Fuego, Villarrica and Lascar volcanoes, comparing field and eruptive data with thermal radiance. In the case of Villarrica and Lascar volcanoes, we also compare the thermal radiance and eruptive activity with seismic data. The thermal radiance shows a concordance with the eruptive activity in all cases, whereas a correlation is observed between thermal and seismic data both, in Villarrica and Lascar volcanoes, especially in the case of long-period seismicity. VOLCANOMS is a new and powerful tool that, combined with other techniques, generates robust information for volcanic monitoring.
Highlights
Monitoring of active and/or potentially active volcanoes requires several techniques and instruments, such as seismometers, inclinometers, gravimeters, gas spectrometers, direct gas sampling, and video surveillance, among others
We introduce a new volcanic monitoring platform, named Volcanic Anomalies Monitoring System (VOLCANOMS), which is a low-cost, and semiautomatic system, based on the use of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), ETM+, and Operational Land Imager (OLI) images to detect permanent and/or transient thermal anomalies related to volcanic activity, using a database which is available from December 1984
The original information received by a satellite corresponds to the spectral radiance, which is a combination of thermal radiance, non-thermal radiance, and upwelling radiance
Summary
Monitoring of active and/or potentially active volcanoes requires several techniques and instruments, such as seismometers, inclinometers, gravimeters, gas spectrometers, direct gas sampling, and video surveillance, among others. We introduce a new volcanic monitoring platform, named Volcanic Anomalies Monitoring System (VOLCANOMS), which is a low-cost, and semiautomatic system, based on the use of Landsat TM, ETM+, and OLI images to detect permanent and/or transient thermal anomalies related to volcanic activity, using a database which is available from December 1984. This system can calculate thermal radiance, thermal anomaly area, brightness and effective temperatures, radiative fluxes, convective fluxes, and total heat and mass fluxes. Physical Parameters for Detecting and Quantifying Thermal Anomalies Using Landsat Images
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