Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been identified as the most crucial precursors of tropospheric photochemical O3 formation and secondary organic aerosols. In this study, field measurement was conducted to develop VOCs emission factors and source profiles of the wood furniture coating industry in China. An activity-based database was established, involving coat consumption-based, coating area-based, furniture production-based, and output value-based VOCs emission factors. Combining the results of field tests and literature surveys, emission factors were calculated by enterprise scale, coating type, spraying technology, and emission control device. The uncertainties were quantified by using Monte Carlo simulations. VOCs emission factors were estimated: 0.22 (0.10–0.34, 95% CI) kg kg–1 for coat consumption-based; 21.97 (10.10–29.38) g m–2 for coating area–based; 0.69 (0.34–1.00) kg piece–1 for furniture production-based; and 6.95 (3.42–10.21) kg 10–4 yuan for output value–based calculation, respectively. Aromatics and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were predominant species of solvent borne paint emission, with the proportion of 71.1% and 22.9% of totals, respectively. VOCs emissions from the wood furniture coating industry were estimated at 179.76 × 103 (88.58 × 103–260.52 × 103, 95% CI) t in 2016. Due to the huge production output and intensive distribution of enterprises, VOCs emissions mainly concentrated in Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shandong, Fujian, Jiangxi, and Sichuan province, with the combined contribution of 43.8% of the national totals.
Highlights
With the rapid growth of industrialization and urbanization in China, the annual average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) in the ambient atmosphere have increased dramatically, especially in economically developed eastern areas (Zhang et al, 2015; Guo et al, 2017; Xu et al, 2017)
An integrated emission factor database for the wood furniture coating industry in China was developed based on field tests and thorough data surveys
Activity-based database including coat consumption-based, coating areabased, furniture production-based, and output value-based emission factors were developed for estimating the emissions of both enterprises and the industry as a whole
Summary
With the rapid growth of industrialization and urbanization in China, the annual average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) in the ambient atmosphere have increased dramatically, especially in economically developed eastern areas (Zhang et al, 2015; Guo et al, 2017; Xu et al, 2017). Compared with the foundation for controlling atmospheric pollutants such as SO2, NOx, and particulate matter, the foundation for controlling VOCs remains markedly weak. Solvent utilization (e.g., printing and dyeing, asphalt pavements, and surface coating) is regarded as the key source of anthropogenic VOCs emissions and the largest contributor to ambient VOCs in certain areas (Klimont et al, 2002; Guo et al, 2011; Wu et al, 2016; Zheng et al, 2017a, b; Zhang et al, 2017). In the past few years, paint production and utilization have seen significant increases; solvent utilization has become
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