Abstract
Summary Emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in plants is triggered by several biotic and abiotic factors, such as nutrient deficiency, environmental stress, and pathogenic attacks. For instance, plants suffering from limited or excessive nitrogen (N) supply may experience internal stress which can ultimately lower their stability and immunity making them susceptible to infection and infestation. In this study, VOCs from Capsicum annuum var. longum (Solanaceae) exposed to nitrogen (1.8 g/L, 4.5 g/L, and 9 g/L urea) were extracted using a 100 μm Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), extracted VOCs from N-treated plants were identified as Butanoic acid, 3-hexenyl ester, (E)-; Butanoic acid, hexyl ester; Hexanoic acid, 3-hexenyl ester, (Z)-; Hexanoic acid, 4-hexen-1-yl ester; cis-3-Hexenyl cis-3-hexenoate and 4-Pentenoic acid 2-methyl-, hexyl ester. Among these volatiles, butanoic acid, 3-hexenyl ester showed the most distinctive peak from the N-treated plants in comparison with the untreated. In addition, the Green Leaf Volatiles (GLV) 3-Hexenal; 2-Hexenal; 3-Hexen-1-ol, (Z)-; 2-Hexen-1-ol, (E) and 1-Hexanol were also detected from the N-treated plants. The identification of plant volatiles provides useful information that can be used in agricultural practices and plant phenotyping.
Highlights
The Capsicum genus (Solanaceae) represents a diverse plant group where varieties have been produced from different climatic conditions and cultivation periods (Gaytan et al, 2017)
Forty-five-day old seedlings of C. annuum var. longum were acquired from the Bureau of Plants Industry, Manila, Philippines
Control and treated C. annuum var. longum leaves were collected after 4 weeks
Summary
The Capsicum genus (Solanaceae) represents a diverse plant group where varieties have been produced from different climatic conditions and cultivation periods (Gaytan et al, 2017). Among the 20-27 identified species (Walsh and Hoot, 2001), Capsicum chinense, Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, and Capsicum pubescens are globally cultivated (Heiser and Pickersgill, 1969). The addition of urea can increase dry weight and enhance drought tolerance of plants (Gou et al, 2017), their response to the availability of nitrogen varies in plant species, cultivars, plant organs, and tissues (Effan et al, 2019; Moreau et al, 2015) This variation can be attributed to the plants’ efficiency to absorb nitrogen and carbon, which can be measured as radiation use efficiency, root weight ratio, nitrogen uptake efficiency, and morphogenic efficiency (Moreau et al, 2015)
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