Abstract

Algae, bacteria, and fungi, as well as higher plants, produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites known as natural products. Natural products are well known as remarkable sources of many therapeutic agents. The genus Nemania is a wood-decaying fungus that belongs to family Xylariaceae. Nemania is often found as an endophyte in diverse hosts and some species are known to produce useful secondary metabolites. In this study, two Nemania species were isolated as an endophytic fungus from Aquilaria sinensis. Multi-gene phylogenetic studies showed that the newly described strains of Nemania are new to science, and this is the first report of Nemania from the host Aquilaria. One of the fermented species, Nemania aquilariae (KUMCC 20-0268), resulted in five sesquiterpenoids, which were previously reported from agarwood, and their structures were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, five different media were investigated in vitro to optimize conditions for growing the fungal biomass of Nemania aquilariae and N. yunnanensis.

Highlights

  • The genus Aquilaria Lam., belonging to the family Thymelaeaceae, consist of 31 accepted species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)red list of threatened species [1], and 19 of them are recognized as agarwood-producing species [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]

  • Several endophytic fungi are known as potentially bioactive metabolite producers in Aquilaria trees, and this is used in agarwood-producing trees [54,55,56]

  • Two endophytic fungi belonging to Nemania were isolated from the dark resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis, collected from Xishuangbanna, and this is the first report of Nemania from the host genus Aquilaria

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Summary

Introduction

The genus Aquilaria Lam., belonging to the family Thymelaeaceae, consist of 31 accepted species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Red list of threatened species [1], and 19 of them are recognized as agarwood-producing species [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Aquilaria subintegra Ding Hou, A. malaccensis Lam., A. crassna Pierre ex Lecomte, and A. sinensis (Lour.) Spreng. Are major species capable of producing agarwood, which contains economically important essential oils [9]. Two native Aquilaria species, viz., A. sinensis and A. yunnanensis S. The resinous heartwood of A. sinensis is well known for its medicinal importance in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), named ChenXiang [10,11,12,13]

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