Abstract
Traditional circuit switching networks such as Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) were designed to use dedicated circuits for connecting end to end voice calls. Although circuit switching networks remain reliable and better in quality, they are highly inefficient in resource utilization. This is because the circuits remain dedicated throughout the call duration and idle until the next call. Despite their shortcomings in QoS, the packet switching networks are more efficient than the circuit switching networks in resource utilization. Since packet switching networks were not originally designed for real-time applications, session control protocols such as the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) have been developed to enable real-time applications such as voice and video calls over packet switching networks.
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