Abstract
ABSTRACT Purpose: to verify voice and swallowing implications in patients diagnosed with tumors in the mediastinum. Methods: the study was carried out with 21 individuals aged between 18 and 60 years, with a diagnosis of tumors in their mediastinum. Data collection was performed at Oncology, OncoHematology and Thoracic Oncology Surgery ambulatory, and in the wards of the aforementioned clinics at an oncology reference hospital. The data was obtained by applying a questionnaire, and by evaluating voice and swallowing, using CAPE-V and O'Neil protocols, respectively. Results: there was a higher prevalence of females with mean age at 40 years. A higher prevalence of tumors in the anterior region of the mediastinum and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was found, however, Hodgkin's lymphomas presented worse results in all the parameters of the voice evaluation. Fourteen subjects presented some degree of dysphagia, ranging from mild to moderate. Conclusion: patients with tumors in the mediastinum have significant impairments in voice and swallowing functions, especially when they are located in the anterior mediastinal region and Hodgkin lymphomas.
Highlights
Malignant mediastinal tumors are rare (75% of cases are benign), often asymptomatic and occur predominantly in adults[1]
Lymphoma presented a prevalence of eleven cases of the types of tumors found in the study, of which eight were non-Hodgkin type and three were Hodgkin’s
It is possible to identify that patients with tumors located in the mediastinum present potential risks for voice and swallowing disorders
Summary
Malignant mediastinal tumors are rare (75% of cases are benign), often asymptomatic and occur predominantly in adults[1]. According to Oliveira, Oliveira and Pietro[2], the mediastinal masses include a great variety of tumors. These tumors may be congenital or acquired, of primary or secondary origin. The most common masses in the mediastinum include thymoma, lymphoma, pheochromocytoma, germ cell tumors and parathyroid lesions. The space of the mediastinum is narrow and any mass in this region can compress adjacent structures leading to emergencies that threaten life[3]. Other signs and symptoms that may have different impacts on the quality of life of subjects with mediastinal tumors are esophageal compression dysphagia, superior vena cava syndrome, invasion of the pericardium causing tamponade, and bronchial compression dysphonia[4,5,6]
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