Abstract
This paper proposes 5 principles of leadership reinforcement intervention for developing their leadership in the vocational education. The principles are drawn from a qualitative study in twenty-two (22) private and public vocational schools located in the province of East Nusa Tenggara. A total of 40 principals and senior school teachers participated in the study. The principles draw from their understanding and perception of leadership reinforcement. The leadership reinforcement requires the principals to have a clear vision in producing ready-to-work graduates. Principals reinforce their leadership by (1) enhancing the understanding of local wisdom, (2) benchmarking, (3) involving professional training, (4) instilling the beliefs, and (5) having a strong character with high integrity. The activities that mostly do are carrying out activities related to East Nusa Tenggara regional culture at school, involving directly the industry partners in the planning, process and distribution of graduates, participating the seminars or workshops related to strengthening leadership and management, giving good ethical examples and exemplary in actions and words, applying openness and transparency in making policies and decisions.
Highlights
Migration from rural areas to urban areas among the primary guardians of the elderly deem them no longer considered safe for the future care of the elderly
This issue has yet to obtain the attention of gerontologists in Malaysia (Wan et al, 2015); the phenomenon of migration of guardians out of rural areas, which has caused many elderly people in the these areas to deal with guardianship problems, merits more attention
In Malaysia, migration to cities has become more popular since the Malaysian New Economic Policy (Dasar Ekonomi Baru) was launched in 1971, leaving an impact on how care for the elderly has evolved, especially in rural areas
Summary
Migration from rural areas to urban areas among the primary guardians of the elderly deem them no longer considered safe for the future care of the elderly. It has left implications that have led to abandonment of senior citizens in urban areas and guardianship issues This issue has yet to obtain the attention of gerontologists in Malaysia (Wan et al, 2015); the phenomenon of migration of guardians out of rural areas, which has caused many elderly people in the these areas to deal with guardianship problems, merits more attention. Before any policy on elderly care can be formulated, the extent of the outflow of the guardians should be analyzed to assist the government in identifying the true extent of the phenomenon characterized by the outflow of guardians to the city This phenomenon needs to be analyzed as the population of elderly members continue to grow in society. This article attempts to identify the extent of migration patterns of the senior citizens‟ guardians out of the area of their living quarters
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