Vocabulary learning and instruction in a second or foreign language

Abstract

This article discusses major issues concerning vocabulary learning and instruction. The different “knowings” that constitute knowledge of a word are discussed, with the point made that students should develop a depth as well as a breadth of knowledge of vocabulary. Different ways that vocabulary is taught in the classroom are briefly reviewed. Though direct vocabulary teaching methods play an important role, students are the best judges of which words are useful for them to learn. The main point of the article is that, in order to help intermediate and advanced learners develop a depth and breadth of vocabulary knowledge, it is important to help them develop the skills and abilities to understand and learn vocabulary on their own. As learning through exposure to vocabulary in oral and written contexts is a major source of vocabulary development, helping students develop strategies and knowledge to use internal and external contexts to infer meanings is a major step towards helping them become independent learners.