Abstract
This chapter reviews the volatile organic compound (VOC) separation on membranes. Among the porous membranes functioning by hydrostatic pressure difference, micro-, ultra-, nano-filtration as well as reverse osmosis can be found. Depending on the technique used, it is possible to filter particles, colloids, macromolecules and ions. As for dialysis, it applies when the concentration gradient is the driving force of the separation. Though porous structures are almost exclusively reserved for liquid phase applications, it is possible to realize, by means of a Knudsen diffusion, gas separation with, however, poor selectivity. The two main applications of dense membranes are pervaporation and gas separation. Selectivity is an essential parameter for any separation technique. For gas separation, it acts at two levels in the separation process: gas solubilization in the membrane and diffusion (mobility) within the polymeric matrix. The main fields of application of gas separation by membranes are production of oxygen and hydrogen, separation and recovery of hydrogen, and treatment of natural gas and CO 2 recovery.
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