Abstract
To evaluate the effectiveness of measures to reduce the levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are important precursors of ground-level ozone formation, the real-time monitoring data of VOCs at the urban Zhaohui supersite (ZH), the Dianshan Lake regional supersite (DSL) and the urban Yixing station (YX) in the Yangtze River Delta region were analyzed from 23 August to 15 September 2016 during the G20 Hangzhou Summit. The average mole ratios of VOCs at the three sites were 6.56, 21.33 and 19.62 ppb, respectively, which were lower than those (13.65, 27.72 and 21.38 ppb) after deregulation. The characteristics of the VOCs varied during the different control periods. Synoptic conditions and airmass transport played an important role in the transport and accumulation of VOCs and other pollutants, which affected the control effects. Using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method in source apportionment, five factors were identified, namely, vehicle exhaust (19.66–31.47%), plants (5.59–17.07%), industrial emissions (13.14–33.82%), fuel vaporization (12.83–26.34%) and solvent usage (17.84–28.95%) for the ZH and YX sites. Factor 4 was identified as fuel vaporization + incomplete combustion (21.69–25.35%) at the DSL site. The Non-parametric Wind Regression (NWR) method showed that regional transport was the main factor influencing the VOC distribution.
Highlights
As the largest developing country in the world, China has suffered from serious air pollution throughout the processes of rapid urbanization and motorization [1]
Recent studies have mainly focused on the characteristics and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China’s megacities and city clusters, such as the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region [13], the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region [14,15,16], the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region [17,18,19,20] and the megacities of Beijing [21,22,23], Shanghai [24,25] and Nanjing [26]
To determine the characteristics of ambient VOCs in the YRD region during the G20 Summit, VOC sampling was conducted at three sites: The urban Zhaohui supersite (ZH), the Dianshan Lake regional supersite (DSL) and the urban Yixing City Environmental Protection Bureau station (YX) (Figure 2)
Summary
As the largest developing country in the world, China has suffered from serious air pollution throughout the processes of rapid urbanization and motorization [1]. Recent studies have mainly focused on the characteristics and sources of VOCs in China’s megacities and city clusters, such as the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region [13], the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region [14,15,16], the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region [17,18,19,20] and the megacities of Beijing [21,22,23], Shanghai [24,25] and Nanjing [26] These studies found that vehicle emissions and solvent usage contributed most to the ambient VOCs in urban areas. Strengthen joint control of regional air pollution; Emergency measures, combination of governance, on-site supervision and law enforcement supervision are the strongest
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