Vliv různé konstantní půdní vlhkosti na čistý výkon asimilace, relativní transpiraci, osmotický tlak buněčné št'ávy a vodní sytostní deficit listů

Abstract

A study was made of the effect of different constant soil moisture (90, 60 and 30 or 40% maximum capillary capacity) on the net assimilation rate (N.A.R.) in maize in relation to changes in relative transpiration (R.T.), water saturation deficit of the leaves (W.S.D.) and osmotic pressure of the cell sap (O.P.). The soil moisture was maintained constant either from the planting of the germinating grain, or from the phase of 4–6 leaves. An attempt was made to interpret the mechanism of action of water deficit on photosynthesis and at a rough differentiation between the indirect effect through changes in internal diffusive resistance to carbon dioxide and the direct effect on the hydration of the photosynthetizing tissue. In plants exposed to different constant soil moisture levels from the phase of 4–6 leaves, the initial difference in N.A.R. corresponding to the degree of lowering of soil moisture gradually evened out during the vegetation season. On applying different constant soil moisture levels from the time of planting no marked differences in N.A.R. were found between plants cultivated at high values of soil moisture (60% and 90%). In plants cultivated from planting at 40% soil moisture, the course of changes in N.A.R. was qualitatively different from that of the above two variants and corresponded more or less to changes characteristic for the process of adaptation to unfavourable conditions. From the analogous course of N.A.R. and R.T. it can be assumed that in all cases the intensity of photosynthesis was very markedly influenced by changes in diffusive resistance to carbon dioxide. On the basis of an analysis of changes in O.P. of the cell sap and W.S.D. of the leaf tissue, the assumption was made that in plants cultivated from planting at 40% and to some extent at 60% soil moisture, irreversible adaptation changes occurred in the structural conditions of photosynthesis as a result of continuous dehydration. In plants cultivated at similar soil moisture levels from the phase of 4–6 leaves, the changes in the intensity of photosynthesis were more likely caused by actual dehydration of the photosynthetizing tissue.