Abstract
Regular signal fading during sunrise and sunset transitions was observed at middle latitude VLF receiving sites. The amplitude ratio E 2 E 1 of the two modal components producing the observed fading was obtained at frequencies ranging from 12.2 to 23.4 kHz. This ratio proved to be essentially independent of the direction of propagation, with sunrise values being some 7 dB greater than at sunset. The experimentally obtained values of E 2 E 1 , together with the physical location and horizontal dimensions of the change in reflection height at sunrise and sunset, were compared with values derived from theoretical models. Approximate agreement was found.
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