Abstract
Various types of contaminated soil and hazardous waste that have a negative impact on the environment and human health can be treated with the vitrification process. This process is based on thermal treatment of contaminated soil or waste at high temperatures, with the addition of additives, whereby the soil/waste melts and a stable glass is formed. The resulting glass and glass-ceramic products have good mechanical resistance, chemically are resistant and immobilize contaminants, thus preventing their further negative impact on the environment. This paper presents a literature review of the vitrification process of different types of contaminated soil and hazardous waste.
Highlights
Pollution of the environment with various organic and inorganic substances is one of the biggest problems in the world
A large number of technologies have been developed for the remediation treatment of contaminated soil or waste, and one of them is the vitrification process
The vitrification process is an efficient method based on heat treatment of contaminated soil or waste at high temperatures, without or with the addition of additives, where the soil melts and creates a stable glass mass that has good mechanical resistance, is chemically resistant and immobilizes contaminants, preventing their further negative impact on the environment
Summary
Pollution of the environment with various organic and inorganic substances is one of the biggest problems in the world. Heavy metals such as Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Co, Hg, Cr, etc., represent one of the largest groups of contaminants They can be found in nature, most often in water and soil, as a consequence of ore exploitation and processing, industrial production, urban activities, use of artificial fertilizers in agriculture, etc. With the change of physical and chemical parameters of the environment, heavy metals are leached from various industrial waste and industrial intermediates, which leads to contamination of groundwater and surface water, and they become available to living organisms. In this way, soil and sediments appear as potential sources of pollution, that is, reservoirs of heavy metals. According to the location where remediation process is performed, the techniques are divided into ex situ and in situ [3, 20, 21]
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