Abstract
Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the traumatic macular hole (TMH) closure rate and visual acuity (VA) improvement rate by comparing two treatment methods for TMH: vitrectomy and observation for spontaneous closure.Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science Library, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and Sino Med were systematically searched from their inception to June 10, 2021. Studies in the surgery group (n = 32) and studies in the observation group (n = 12) were meta-analyzed. The primary outcomes were the TMH closure and VA improvement rates in the surgery and observation groups. The secondary outcomes were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement in the surgery group. Stata software (version 15.1) was used for the analyses.Results: Thirty-six studies that included 1,009 eyes were selected for this meta-analysis, among which 33 were retrospective studies and 3 were prospective studies. The meta-analysis showed that the random-model pooled event rate for TMH closure was 0.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26–0.48) in the observation group, while it was 0.9 (95% CI, 0.85–0.94) in the surgery group. The fixed-model pooled event rate for VA improvement was 0.39 (95% CI, 0.33–0.45) in the observation group, while the random-model pooled event rate of VA improvement for the surgery group was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.63–0.80). The pooled event rate for BCVA improvement in the surgery group was 0.39 (95% CI, 0.33–0.46).Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that TMH hole closure and VA improvement rates in the surgery group were significantly higher than those in the observation group. Vitrectomy is an effective method for treating TMH. However, further randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of surgery and observation for TMH treatment.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier: CRD42021276684.
Highlights
A macular hole (MH) is a defined as a full-thickness defect of the neuroretina in the macular foveal area
PPV + internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling + intraocular tamponade PPV + ILM peeling + platelet concentrate + intraocular tamponade
In our meta-analysis, over 80% of the patients with Traumatic macular holes (TMH) achieved closure within 6 months
Summary
A macular hole (MH) is a defined as a full-thickness defect of the neuroretina in the macular foveal area. Treatment includes vitrectomy surgery and observation, as well as spontaneous closure [1]. Vitrectomy has been reported to improve anatomical and visual outcomes in eyes with TMH [3, 4]. There are many unanswered questions about the necessity of surgery because spontaneous hole closure has been commonly reported [7]. While a number of studies have discussed the anatomical and visual outcomes of surgery and observation on TMH, a previous systemic review and metaanalysis, which included only 10 studies, lacked sufficient detail [10]. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we systematically and statistically determined the improvement rates with TMH closure and visual acuity (VA) by comparing the two methods of treating TMH
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