Abstract
The vitreous has been shown to be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of tractional and non-tractional diabetic macular edema (DME). Modern techniques in pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) allow the safe removal of the vitreous with the posterior hyaloid which relieves vitreomacular traction and removes inflammatory factors believed to play a role in DME. Additional techniques such as endolaser, peeling of epiretinal membranes and the internal limiting membrane can also be performed at the time of PPV. Satisfactory visual and anatomic outcomes have been achieved in DME cases refractory to non-surgical therapies. The purpose of this article is to review the relevant literature related to the use of vitrectomy in the treatment of DME and provide an update of current practices.
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