Abstract
Pars plana vitrectomy represents an important treatment tool in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME). Vitrectomy primarily promotes resolution of DME by relieving tangential and vitreomacular traction, but has additional benefits of removing depot of VEGF and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and improving macular oxygen delivery and perfusion. Therefore, vitrectomy has most significant benefit in tractional DME, and potential efficacy in non-tractional DME. The advent of modern vitrectomy with advanced visualization techniques has made macular surgery significantly more safe and improved treatment outcomes. The purpose of the article is to review major studies on the surgical treatment of DME and offer perspectives on strategies to maximize anatomic and functional outcomes of diabetic vitrectomy.
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