Abstract
Francisco de Vitoria, professor of theology at University of Salamanca from 1526 until his death in 1546, is widely recognized as leader of sixteenth-century scholastic revival and one of foremost Catholic political thinkers of his day. His surviving relectiones (the lectures given in Salamanca at end of each university term) cover a wide range of issues from morality of cannibalism to legality of Henry VIII's divorce.' Yet modem scholarly interest in Vitoria and his disciples (collectively known as the School of Salamanca) has focused mainly on issues relevant to moral and legal problems of secular nation-states. Between this century's two great wars Spanish and American scholars took a renewed interest in Vitoria's published relectiones, seeing in them early expressions of doctrine of international law, and arguing that Vitoria deserved some of credit generally given to Hugo Grotius as inventor of this concept.2 Since then Spanish, American, and British scholarship on Vitoria and School of Salamanca has continued to center mainly on such issues as just war, conquest, and slavery.3 In 1980s Anthony Pagden
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