Abstract
Hyperspectral remote sensing (HRS) is a useful method to monitor spectral changes in vegetation. HRS contains significant spectral information for detecting plant stress. The specific aims were: (1) to assess the changes in Vitis vinifera plant chlorophyll content due to the leakage of CO2 into the plant-air environment, and (2) to analyze an vegetation index derived from the first derivative reflectance values for use in detecting Vitis vinifera plant stress due to elevated concentrations of air CO2. Spectral reflectance was measured between 336 and 1045 nm with a spectral resolution of 1 nm, covering visible and near-infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The amount of chlorophyll decreased about 50% in the open top chamber modified (OTC modified) + CO2 injection when compared to natural condition. The difference in chlorophyll between OTC modified + no CO2 injection and natural condition was 24%. The concentration of chlorophyll a and b decreased and concentration of carotenoids increases of Vitis vinifera in initial stage of growth, with increase in CO2 to 550 ppm. In the end, the remote sensing hyperspectral presents itself as a great tool to assist in studies of global climate change and its impacts on the biomes of the world.
Highlights
Much has been discussed about global climate change, greenhouse gases, global warming, and its possible effects in Brazilian agriculture
Solar radiation interacts with vegetation through the leaves, first with leaf surface and with mesophyll; and this leads to integration between cells, tissues, pigments, secondary compounds of cellular metabolism, energy in the light photon, and incidence angle of rays (Pimentel, 2010)
While it has long been known that photosynthetic pigments control the visible reflectance properties of leaves, only recently, techniques have been developed to estimate the concentrations of individual pigments within leaves, using high spectral resolution reflectance measurements (Blackburn, 1998; Chappelle et al, 1992; Peñuelas et al, 1995)
Summary
Much has been discussed about global climate change, greenhouse gases, global warming, and its possible effects in Brazilian agriculture. A recent study coordinated by Pinto & Assad (2008), indicates that the increase in temperature can cause, in general, a decrease in regions with lower climate risk for the grain cultivation and significant economic losses (Coltri et al 2009). One of the potential options to mitigate the contribution of fossil fuel emissions to global warming problem is to CO2 capture and store (Lakkaraju et al, 2010; IPCC, 2005). Associated with the knowledge on CO2 storage the extent of the CO2 leakage is one of key questions related to integrity of storage (Lakkaraju et al, 2010; Hepple and Benson, 2005). While it has long been known that photosynthetic pigments control the visible reflectance properties of leaves, only recently, techniques have been developed to estimate the concentrations of individual pigments within leaves, using high spectral resolution (hyperspectral) reflectance measurements (Blackburn, 1998; Chappelle et al, 1992; Peñuelas et al, 1995)
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