Abstract
To determine (1) the intake of vitamin-mineral supplements by 855 low-income Brazilian pregnant adolescents and non-adolescents in three interviews (gestational ages < or =16, 20-26 and 30-36 weeks), (2) the relationship between vitamin-mineral supplementation and toxic exposure, and nutritional, psychological, socio-economic, demographic and obstetric characteristics of the women. Longitudinal cohort study. Jundiaí city, São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 855 pregnant adolescents and non-adolescents who attended antenatal care from September 1997 to August 2000. A general questionnaire was utilized three times in pregnancy (gestational ages < or =16, 20-26 and 30-36 weeks) to investigate the vitamin-mineral supplements ingested by the women, their smoking habit and alcohol intake, anthropometric measurements (pre-pregnancy and actual weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference) and psychological (anxiety, stress and distress), socio-economic (per capita income), demographic (education, age, marital status) and obstetric (gravidity) characteristics. The associations between vitamin-mineral supplementation and maternal characteristics were assessed in 12 multiple logistic regression models, stratifying the women by age and per capita income. Iron and vitamin C were the most ingested supplements by adolescents and non-adolescents, in the three interviews. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the maternal predictors for non-use of vitamin-mineral supplementation were acute anxiety and alcohol intake for adolescents, and low education, single without partner, distress (anxiety, depression, etc.) and stress for non-adolescents. These are important data to identify groups of low-income pregnant women in need of supplementation guidance and nutrition education. Stress/distress was a predictor for non-use of vitamin-mineral supplements for both adolescents and non-adolescents pregnant women.
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