Abstract

The absorption and plasma elimination of vitamin K was investigated by uniformly labeling phylloquinone in kale with carbon‐13 and feeding the kale in a clinical study. Seven healthy volunteers ingested a single 400 g serving of kale with 30 g vegetable oil. The kale provided 156 nmol of phylloquinone. Serial plasma samples were collected and analyzed for the appearance of 13C‐phylloquinone by HPLC‐MS. Six of the subjects showed significant amounts of labeled phylloquinone in plasma, with labeled phylloquinone detectable for between 7 and 28 days following the dose. One subject's plasma was not consistently enriched above the detection limit, and this subject's baseline plasma was the lowest of the group. Average peak plasma concentration for the 6 subjects with detectable 13C‐phylloquinone was 2.1 nmolar. At the peak plasma concentration, the 13C‐phylloquinone was elevated between 5% and 34% above baseline (14% on average). The peak plasma 13C‐phylloquinone concentration represented 5±4% of the 13C‐phylloquinone in the kale dose. Carbon‐13 labeling of leafy vegetables for use in clinical nutrition studies is a feasible method for studying the absorption and metabolism of phylloquinone. Funded by USDA/ARS.

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