Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), characterized by visceral, respiratory, and neurological pathologies, causes heavy economic loss in the poultry industry around the globe. While significant advances have been made in effective diagnosis and vaccine development, molecular mechanisms of ND virus (NDV)-induced neuropathologies remain elusive. In this study, we report the magnitude of oxidative stress and histopathological changes induced by the virulent NDV (ZJ1 strain) and assess the impact of vitamin E in alleviating these pathologies. Comparative profiling of plasma and brains from mock and NDV-infected chicken demonstrated alterations in several oxidative stress makers such as nitric oxide, glutathione, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalases. While decreased levels of glutathione and total antioxidant capacity and increased concentrations of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were observed in NDV-challenged birds at all time points, these alterations were eminent at latter time points (5 days post infection). Additionally, significant decreases in the activities of glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were observed in the plasma and brains collected from NDV-infected chickens. Intriguingly, we observed that supplementation of vitamin E can significantly reduce the alteration of oxidative stress parameters. Under NDV infection, extensive histopathological alterations were observed in chicken brain including neural inflammation, capillary hyperemia, necrosis, and loss of prominent axons, which were reduced with the treatment of vitamin E. Taken together, our findings highlight that neurotropic NDV induces extensive tissue damage in the brain and alters plasma oxidative stress profiles. These findings also demonstrate that supplementing vitamin E ameliorates these pathologies in chickens and proposes its supplementation for NDV-induced stresses.
Highlights
A wide range of reactive species are produced as by-products of metabolic processes in the body.These reactive species are broadly classified into two groups of biologically reactive substances: reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)
The effect of vitamin E (VitE) supplementation on the nonenzymatic antioxidant parameters in the brain and plasma is shown in Figures 1 and 2
The NO contents were markedly higher in ND virus (NDV)-challenged birds at 2, 3, 4, and 5 days post infection (DPI) compared with in the control (p < 0.05)
Summary
A wide range of reactive species are produced as by-products of metabolic processes in the body. These reactive species are broadly classified into two groups of biologically reactive substances: reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The ROS include species of high reactivity such as hydroxyl radicals and those of lower reactivity such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, whereas the RNS include nitric oxide and peroxynitrite [1]. Controlled production of these reactive species is essential in cell signaling, regulation of cytokines, neuromodulation, transcription, apoptosis, and ion transport [2]. Uncontrolled ROS generation causes oxidative tissue damage because these species carry highly reactive and unstable unpaired electrons in their outer electron orbits, which can cause irreversible damage to proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids [3]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
