Abstract
This study investigated the addition of antioxidants vitamin E and reduced glutathione on curimba (Prochilodus lineatus) semen cryopreservation and compared sodium bicarbonate solution and distilled water as activators. The experiment was conducted at the environmental station of CEMIG, in Itutinga-MG, Brazil, between December/2009 and January/2010. Semen samples (n = 7) with semen motility above 80% were diluted in cryoprotectant solutions composed of 10% methanol, 15% lactose and containing different concentrations of antioxidants: 50 (VE50), 100 (VE100) and 250 (VE250) µM of vitamin E, and 0.5 (RG0.5), 1.0 (RG1.0) and 1.5 (RG1.5) mM of reduced glutathione. A solution without antioxidants was used as a control. The semen was diluted at a ratio of 1:4 (100 ìL semen:400 ∝L cryoprotectant solution). The toxicity of the solutions was evaluated by investigating semen motility after 10 min in the solution. The rest of the diluted semen was placed into 0.5 mL straws maintained in nitrogen vapour for 24 hours and packed into a nitrogen liquid cylinder for four days. The samples were thawed in a water bath at 60°C for 8 s and the rate (%) and duration (s) of semen activation with distilled water or sodium bicarbonate was evaluated. In the toxicity test, we found that vitamin E and reduced glutathione were not toxic to curimba semen at any of the tested concentrations (P>0.05). The duration of motility was longer (P<0.05) in semen activated with sodium bicarbonate 1% (163 ± 11 s), which was considered the best activator for semen under these conditions. No significant differences were found between the cryoprotectant solutions used after freezing (P>0.05). Thus, the antioxidants vitamin E and reduced glutathione did not improve the quality of cryopreserved curimba semen, but they did not cause toxic effects to the semen in natura and they did not decrease its quality during cryopreservation.
Highlights
The curimba (Prochilodus lineatus) is a migratory fish species native to South America (Viveiros et al, 2009). This species has an important role in the ecosystem, as well as in both subsistence and commercial fishing in south-eastern Brazil, with high productivity when maintained in confinement (Maduenho & Martinez, 2008)
The aims of this study were to determine the effects of vitamin E and reduced glutathione on the quality of fresh and cryopreserved semen of curimba (P. lineatus) and to determine the efficiency of different semen activators upon the thawing of semen
No significant differences were found in the rate (%) or duration (s) of semen motility (P>0.05) of curimba semen before freezing with different concentrations of vitamin E and reduced glutathione (Table 1)
Summary
The curimba (Prochilodus lineatus) is a migratory fish species native to South America (Viveiros et al, 2009). This species has an important role in the ecosystem, as well as in both subsistence and commercial fishing in south-eastern Brazil, with high productivity when maintained in confinement (Maduenho & Martinez, 2008). Curimba needs to swim upriver to spawn This cycle has been drastically affected by urbanisation, pollution, deforestation, overfishing and the construction of hydroelectric dams and changes in the flow of rivers (Viveiros et al, 2009). Before the cryopreservation process, it is necessary to dilute the semen in cryoprotective media, and according to Martinez-Páramo et al (2012), this dilution reduces the seminal plasma constituents, semen becoming more sensitive to oxidative damage
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