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Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 administration in drinking water during lairage time prior to slaughter on physiological stress, oxidative status, and pork quality characteristics. Two experiments were carried out. The first one was performed to examine the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation in drinking water, and the second one to check the effect of supplementation dose (500,000 IU/L vs. 700,000 IU/L). Serum calcium concentration was greater in pigs receiving vitamin D3 in water when compared to the control group. In experiment 1, a 40% α-tocopherol increase in meat from the group supplemented with vitamin D3 (500,000 IU/animal) was observed, that resulted in a tendency of decreased meat malondialdehyde (MDA) values at days 5 and 8 after refrigerated storage. In experiment 2, since water intake was higher (800,000 IU and 1,120,000 IU/animal of vitamin D3 consumption) effects on oxidative status were more profound and vitamin D3 supplementation increased serum α-tocopherol and decreased cortisol and serum TBARS. These effects were also observed in meat; TBARS levels were decreased after 3 days of refrigerated storage. In both experiments meat from pigs that received vitamin D3 in drinking water had a lower proportion of total free-polyunsaturated fatty acids (mainly n-6) when compared to the unsupplemented pigs, and these were positively correlated with TBARS production at day 5 of refrigerated storage (r = 0.53 and 0.38 for experiments 1 and 2, respectively). Meat from pigs receiving vitamin D3 in water showed reduced cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness values compared to the control group. The magnetic resonance imaging study of muscle confirmed the effects on water retention with lesser transverse relaxation time in pigs supplemented with vitamin D3. No vitamin D3 dose effect was observed, apart from muscle α-tocopherol concentration that was higher in pigs supplemented with 700,000 compared to those supplemented with 500,000 UI/L.
Highlights
Vitamin D3 is a liposoluble compound required for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestines
In both experiments meat from pigs that received vitamin D3 in drinking water had a lower proportion of total free-polyunsaturated fatty acids when compared to the unsupplemented pigs, and these were positively correlated with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production at day 5 of refrigerated storage (r = 0.53 and 0.38 for experiments 1 and 2, respectively)
The level of vitamin D3 in serum was not significantly different between the experimental groups; serum calcium concentration was greater in pigs receiving vitamin D3 in water compared to the control group
Summary
Vitamin D3 is a liposoluble compound required for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestines. The protective effect of vitamin D against oxidative stress [6] has been reported in humans, as well as its direct association with increased glutathione-peroxidase levels, which is one of the main antioxidant enzymes in the organism [7]. Such effects and the persistence of possible antioxidant properties after slaughter have been scarcely studied in animals and results are not conclusive
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