Abstract
Fish is the natural dietary source of vitamin D. Reports on the influence of purified omega-3 fatty acids on its uptake are scarce. We investigated the impact of a purified high-dose omega-3 compound compared to corn oil on 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels following an acute myocardial infarction. 228 patients were randomized 1:1 to receive a daily dose of either 4 g omega-3 (OMACOR®) or an equal dose of corn oil, administered double-blindly for 12 months. Total omega-3 and omega-6 measurements were available in 40 randomly picked patients. There was no significant intergroup difference in 25(OH)D changes at 12 months follow-up (p = 0.12), but there was a minor statistical significant intragroup increase in 25(OH)D in both intervention arms (p < 0.001 for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and p = 0.013 for corn oil, respectively). A positive correlation was noted between 25(OH)D and omega-3 prior to inclusion; r = 0.418, p = 0.007, attenuated at 12 months by purified omega-3 intervention; r = 0.021, p = 0.93. No positive correlation was observed between omega-6 and 25(OH)D. Long-term treatment with a high dose of purified omega-3 as compared to corn oil did not improve serum concentrations of vitamin D. ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT01422317.
Highlights
Vitamin D can be synthesized in the human epidermis on exposure to ultraviolet light or it can be ingested mainly through consumption of oily fish [1]
We investigated the impact of a purified high-dose omega-3 compound compared to corn oil on 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels following an acute myocardial infarction
Participants in the present analysis belonged to the Omacor Following Acute Myocardial Infarction (OFAMI) study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01422317), who were hospitalized with a myocardial infarction (MI) at Central Hospital in Rogaland, Stavanger, Norway from September 1995 until December 1996 and randomly assigned 1:1 in blocks of four to a daily dose of either 4 g highly concentrated omega-3 fatty acids (FAs), containing 85% eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (OMACORTM, Pronova A/S, Oslo, Norway), or to corn oil, administered double blindly for at least 12 months. 4 mg of alpha-tocopherol was added to each capsule to protect against FA oxidation
Summary
Vitamin D can be synthesized in the human epidermis on exposure to ultraviolet light or it can be ingested mainly through consumption of oily fish [1]. Individual differences in vitamin D baseline concentration, absorption, and metabolism may influence its level in humans. Previous studies indicate that different vehicles including n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may influence the bioavailability of vitamin D [2]. These studies have evaluated different patient populations, different vitamin D supplementations, and duration of intake. As 25(OH)D concentrations are generally found in the lower range of recommended levels [3], it is important to define all steps that may influence vitamin D intake, absorption, and deposition, in order to enforce recommendations as a preventive measure in relation to disease. Reports on the influence of purified omega-3 fatty acids on its uptake are scarce
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