Abstract
In recent years, vitamin D has received increased attention, as a number of studies have shown its link to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Apart from its benefits on bone health, vitamin D supplementation has been shown beneficial in reducing risk for many chronic diseases including autoimmune diseases, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, many cancers and infectious diseases. Vitamin deficiency has been associated with increased risk of elevated blood pressure, heart attack and stroke in studies. The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the increased incidence of upper respiratory infections, asthma and eczema, among children, has been observed in several studies. Recent meta-analyzes showed a relationship between vitamin D administration during the early months of life and a lower incidence of type 1 diabetes later in life. Therefore, it is not surprising that Vitamin D supplementation is used to prevent and treat a wide range of diseases, and the use has increased considerably in the last decade.
Highlights
Administration of vitamin D and calcium was associated with a statistically significant reduction in incidence of new non-vertebral fracture
Similar irrespective of the dose of vitamin D used and randomized controlled trials that achieved higher 25OHD concentrations did not have different results. They recommend based on trial sequential analyses that further similar trials are unlikely to alter the conclusions of this recent systematic review and not to be pursued or encouraged. They conclude that trials of vitamin D supplementation in individuals with marked vitamin D deficiency, who are not at risk of osteomalacia, might produce different results, but require a strong scientific rationale before being undertaken, given the absence of effects of vitamin D seen in existing trials
Vitamin D supplementation alone is unlikely to be of any benefit in improving musculoskel et al health
Summary
The study's authors believe that vitamin D supplementation may be a waste of time because, as per their meta-analysis, vitamin D supplementation did not prevent fractures, falls or improve bone mineral density, in whatever doses used. Fracture risk A 2014 Cochrane review by Avenell A et al,[3] found that there is high quality evidence that vitamin D plus calcium results in a small reduction in hip fracture risk (nine trials, 49,853 participants; RR 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74 to 0.96; P value 0.01).
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