Vitamin D status of Icelandic children and its influence on bone accrual.

Abstract

The importance of vitamin D for children's bone health has been well established, but the effects of less severe deficiency are not fully known. The main objective of this study was to assess the vitamin D status of Icelandic children at the age of 7, and again at 9years of age, and the association of vitamin D status with bone mineral content and bone accrual over 2 years. We invited 321 children to participate in this study, and 267 (83%) took part; 211 (79%) underwent a DXA scan and 164 were again scanned 2 years later; 159 (60%) vitamin D samples were measured and 119 (75%) were measured again 2 years later. At age 7, 65% of the children had vitamin D concentrations<50nmol/l, and at age 9 this figure was 60%. At age 7, 43% of the children had insufficient amounts of vitamin D (37.5-50nmol/l), and 22% had a vitamin D deficiency (<37.5nmol/l). In linear regression analysis, no association was found between vitamin D and bone mineral content. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in bone accrual over 2 years for the children with insufficient or deficient vitamin D at both ages, compared to those having more than 50nmol/l at both time points. More than 60% of Icelandic children have inadequate concentrations of vitamin D in serum repeatedly over a 2-year interval. However, vitamin D in the range did not have a significant effect on bone mineral content or accrual at ages 7 and 9.