Abstract
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Highlights
Vitamin D is formed when ultraviolet-B (UVB) rays are in contact with human skin [1].Vitamin D can be sourced through foods such as oily fish, UV-exposed mushrooms and fortified products, as well as nutritional supplements [2]
The AF group was 25(OH)D insufficient, with almost identical median values to AC. This suggests that our results for the United Kingdom (UK) AC population may be comparable to other Black populations residing in the UK, and, recommendations may be similar for each group
Our findings agree with the Health Survey for England (2010), which did not analyse the AC population separately, but found their White population had the highest median 25(OH)D, followed by the Black and Asian adults [44]. These data support the urgent requirement for a revised vitamin D recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for ethnic groups due to higher levels of deficiency and justifies undertaking a clinical trial to evaluate the impact of supplementing vitamin D in the AC population
Summary
Vitamin D is formed when ultraviolet-B (UVB) rays are in contact with human skin [1].Vitamin D can be sourced through foods such as oily fish, UV-exposed mushrooms and fortified products, as well as nutritional supplements [2]. Vitamin D is formed when ultraviolet-B (UVB) rays are in contact with human skin [1]. The majority is obtained through conversion of dehydrocholesterol to vitamin D3 in the skin following sunlight exposure [3,4,5,6]. Vitamin D is essential for calcium homeostasis; and, the maintenance of musculoskeletal health [7,8]. Beyond this association, links have been found between vitamin D deficiency and certain cancers, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and other health conditions; the strength of these associations remains unclear [7,9,10,11,12]. Maintaining good vitamin D status should be encouraged for both musculoskeletal health and non-musculoskeletal health benefits
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